Baṅgladeshren Santal Hoṛko̠ O̠nkoaќ Legcar, Pạrsi ar Sãohẽt́-01

Baṅgladeshre Santal hoṛko, o̠nkoaќ legcar, pạrsi ar sãohẽť babo̠tre jo̠thatte o̠l do̠ sạrige muskilgea. Entet́ Baṅgladidesh’re Hoṛko talare o̠nkan napae jo̠gajo̠g bebo̠stha baṅ tear rakaṕakana. Ar nahãќ jug reaќ meḍia (media) se jao̠ge so̠do̠ro̠ќ lekan patakko̠ hõ nebetar Santalko̠ talare baṅ ńelo̠ќ kana. Enhõ ińaќ at́tot́ ar ja uḍić baḍae bho̠r cetanre o̠lakan taṛ (subject) babo̠tre tho̠ṛa thuṛi o̠l lạgit́ iń kurumuṭuet́ kana. Ado̠ maṛaṅrege ińaќ baḍae reaќ ṭo̠nṭatet́ ar o̠nolre khaṭo̠ baḍho̠ iạte jo̠to̠ko ṭhen ikạń kho̠j kana.

Bangla/ Bạrind’re Santal ho̠ṛko̠aќ girạbas o̠hmaќ kana pasen no̠a Bharo̠t diso̠mre Briṭish raj hijuќ laha kho̠nge heć ạguakana. Puthiko̠re do̠ sạbud ńamo̠ќ kana 1770 Krisṭ sal kho̠n Ho̠ṛko̠aќ girạbas Purub Baṅgla reaќ utạr pạchim nakha ar aso̠kate Pạchim Baṅgla reaќ jilạko̠re menaќ hećakana. Ar Ho̠ṛko̠ Bangladesh hạbićko pasnao̠ hećakana ko̠ekṭi karo̠nte-

1. a) 1770 Kr. sal reaќ maraṅ reṅgeć (durbhikkho) kho̠n baṅcao̠ќa aste sạṅgiń diso̠mko̠re nalha ạsulo̠ќ mente Ho̠ṛko̠ko pasnao̠akana.
2. b) 1793 Kr. salre jumi reaќ jao̠ge tahẽn mạlikiạ ạidạri ṭarhao̠ (ciro sthayi bondobostho : Permanent settelment of 1793); no̠a ạn reaќ bạṛić jo̠ do̠ neho̠ṛko lạgiť- hamesa baṛhao̠ idie khajna o̠ne o̠ka kho̠n do̠ ńir bańcao̠ќ reaќ as tahẽkan.
3. c) Birbanṭa Sido̠ ar Kạnhuaќ ạyurte ho̠elen Santal Hulre (1855-56) ạḍi aema Ho̠ṛko go̠ć o̠co̠len; o̠nko̠aќ o̠ṛaќ duạr, gại ḍaṅgra, arhõ aema maljalko no̠sṭo̠lena. Un o̠kte ho̠ṛko do̠ jo̠m-ńu reaќ o̠bhab, kạmi ńam reaќ o̠bhab, Deko̠ ho̠po̠nko ṭhen chinạpuri, sikiṛ ar bạiri mẽťte ńel o̠co̠ќ, mahajo̠nko̠aќ sibo̠ṛ, santhao̠ ar ar karo̠nko̠ iạte Ho̠ṛko̠ do̠ go̠ṭaṭạnḍi ạḍi sạṅgiń hạbićko̠ cherla berlawakana.
4. d) Hul laha ar tayo̠mte hõ rel-so̠ṛo̠kre (1853-1890) hasa dipil kạmi ar nalha tumạlte ạsulo̠ќa aste Ho̠ṛko̠ do̠ Bangla ar Bạrind diso̠m hạbićko̠ pasnao̠akana. Un do̠ Bạrin diso̠mre ḍherge gajaṛ ar putit jumiko hõ bo̠gete tahẽ kana. Ho̠ṛko do̠ apnar lạgiť ar reṅgeć nacarko do̠ ja uḍić paesate Deko̠ kisậṛko lạgiť gajaṛko o̠do̠e babal maќ ṭạnḍi kate umbrạu khetko tearaťko̠a.
5. e) Ca bagwanko̠re (1860) kạmi ạsulo̠ќa mente Asam ar sạṅgiń diso̠m- Sylheṭ ar Chiṭṭagang (Bangladeshre) dhạbićko lilkạr idi o̠co̠akana.
6. f) Malda (India) jilạre Jitu Hembro̠maќ laṛao̠na/ ạulahan (revolution) (1927-32) : unjo̠khen hõ Banglaren Ho̠ṛko bo̠geteko chilbilạulena ar mucạť sen do̠ aema ho̠ṛge o̠ṛaќ duạr ńĩr bạgiaќte hante no̠teko dạṛakat́a.

Cetanre o̠len karo̠nko ar eṭaќ eṭaќ karo̠nko (jemo̠n ḍạn-jugin, ruạ-haso̠) iạte Santal ho̠ṛko do̠ aso̠kaete 1871 Kr. sal tayo̠m kho̠n Bạrind diso̠mte (Bangladesh hõ) ạḍi aemako bo̠lakana. Ar un kho̠nge Bangladesh reaќ (jilạko keceť hạṭińoќ laha) Dinajpur, Raṅgpur, Bo̠gura, Rajshahi, Pabna ar Sylhet, Chittagang jilạko̠re pasnao̠akan menaќko̠a. Ar nit do̠ ạḍi aema Ho̠ṛ juạn ko̠ṛa kuṛiko cạkri ar paṛhao̠ќ lạgiť Ḍhaka rajdhanire ar eṭaќ so̠ho̠rko̠re hõ menaќko̠a.

Ho̠ṛko̠aќ Lekha– Ho̠ṛko̠aќ lekhare ńelo̠go̠ќ kana 1921 Kr. sal reaќ ho̠ṛ-gunti lekate (nitoṅ Bangladesh’re menaќ) Nacho̠le thanare Santal ho̠ṛko- 3,397 jo̠n ar Go̠mo̠stapur thanare- 6,293 jo̠nko tahẽ kana. Cetanre o̠lakan eṭaќ jilạko̠re un o̠kte (1921) Santal ho̠ṛko̠aќ lekha baṅ baḍaeakana. To̠be Bangladesh sạdhin tayo̠m beso̠rkari Adibashi Unnayan So̠ṅstha reaќ ripo̠rṭ (1985)- lekate Rajshahi jilạ (keceť hạṭińo̠ќ laha) re 41,002 jo̠n ar Miso̠nariko̠aќ repo̠rṭ (1980) lekate Dinajpur jilạ (keceť hạṭiń laha) re 43,196 jo̠n Santal ho̠ṛko lekha ńamakana. Inạ tayo̠m 1991 Kr. sal reaќ so̠rkari ho̠ṛ-gunti hisạbre go̠ṭa Bangladeshr’re Santal ho̠ṛko̠ 2,02,162 jo̠nko lekha ńamakana. Menkhan Santal ho̠ṛko̠ren ạќyurko Ho̠ṛaќ no̠a lekha baṅko aṅgo̠ceť kana. Onko̠aќ pạtiạu un o̠kte (1991) Santalko̠aќ lekha arhõ jạsti tahẽ kana. Ar nit (2012) do̠ko o̠hmaeda Ho̠ṛko 3,00,000 (pe lak) ganko ho̠yo̠ќa.

Santalko̠aќ Legcar :

So̠maj bebo̠stha- Bangladesh’re Santal ho̠ṛko̠aќ legcar do̠ bậṛtikaete jug cetan jug mare (traditionally) dhara pańjaete heć daraekana. To̠be hẽ, dinke din so̠maj se legcarre aema phera phiri ho̠eakanre hõ no̠a phera phiri se bo̠no̠do̠lre ạḍi hạrgaser, ganḍerṭhela ar bhirkuṭ co̠go̠ṛteť do̠ ko̠mgea. Bicko̠m ḍher Ho̠ṛko mudre nit hõ napae ạricạliko rukhiại reaќ ãjhãṭ mo̠n menaќ tako̠a, ạkhir o̠ktere do̠ baṅko daṛeaќ kan.

Ado̠ nebetar Bangladesh’re Ho̠ṛko̠aќ so̠maj bebo̠sthare Be-Isại se mare ho̠rarenko talare do̠ mạńjhi paraniko mare dhara lekage metaќme- Mạńjhi, Paranik, Jo̠g-mạńjhi, Jo̠g-paranik, Naeke, Kuḍạm-naeke ar Go̠ḍet no̠ko eae jo̠n liạ ato̠ mạńjhi paranik menaќko̠a. Ar Isại ho̠ṛko talare do̠ ḍherkaete no̠ṅkako ńelo̠ќ kana-  Mạńjhi, Paranik, Jo̠g-mạńjhi, Go̠ḍet ar girjạ-mahaso̠e (nui do̠ purạ rạsiạ do̠ baṅ). No̠ko̠ do̠ ato̠ so̠maj ńel calao̠ ar so̠maj reaќ kạmiko̠ko purạret́ kana. Ar Isại, Be-Isại, se judạ judạ Isại do̠lren mesalko tahẽn khan o̠nḍe do̠ jo̠to̠ do̠lrenko kho̠n ho̠ṛ hatao̠ kate ato̠ mạńjhi paraniko ṭarhao̠ќ kana, ar so̠maj reaќ kạmiko̠ko purạeť kana. Dho̠ro̠m kạmi do̠ apo̠n apo̠n do̠lren ho̠ṛko liạko purạueť kana. Inạpo̠r mạńjhi paranik cetan do̠ ko̠ekṭi (eae/irạl se ḍher hõ) ato mạńjhiko cetanre Desmạńjhi ar pe/pon desmạńjhiko cetanre do union/ (pancaet) Pargana bebo̠stha menaќa. Miť bar thanare do̠ thana pargana hõ menaќko̠a. Ado̠ ̠latarren mạńhi paranikko̠aќ kạmi do̠ apnar tạrire ato̠ so̠maj calao ar bicạr sạlisko phanḍao. Desmạńjhi ar parganako̠aќ kạmi do̠ ato̠ren mạńji paranikko bud so̠lha emako ar muskil ghuṛire go̠ṛo̠ako. Ar no̠ko mạńjhi paranik, Desmạnji, Parganako do̠ bachnao reaќ niạm lekate ato ho̠ṛko̠aќ bho̠ṭ daraete nirikaќ serma bho̠r lạgit́ko ṭarhao̠ќ kana, janam dara o̠aris ạidạrite do̠ baṅa. Ado̠ eṭaќ eṭaќ jạt se so̠majko mo̠dre ho̠eakan jug reaќ phera phiri lekage Santal ho̠ṛ-so̠maj se legcarre hõ aema phera phiri se bo̠no̠do̠l do̠ ho̠eakangea. Ar no̠a bo̠no̠do̠lre jemo̠n lahanti menaќa o̠nkage belahanti hõ ńelo̠go̠ќ kana. Bangladesh’re Ho̠ṛko̠aќ bo̠no̠do̠lre lahanti do̠ no̠ako̠ ńum halaṅko̠ќa :

1. O̠lo̠ќ paṛhaore Ho̠ṛko ḍherko lahawakana. To̠be tulạ-jo̠kha lekhan Ho̠ṛko nit hõ Deko̠ko kho̠n aso̠kaete cetan rada sikhạunare do̠ ḍher taeno̠makange menaќko̠a. Ar cạkrikore metaќme tala kho̠n kạṭić hudạko̠re chaṭ chuṭko bo̠lo̠ќ kana. Menkhan sarkari cạkrire do̠ ạḍi harać hurućko bo̠lo̠ќ kana.
2. Nahãќ jug reaќ biggan, karigo̠r, ran murgạn ar ar cetan darja reaќ sikhạunako̠re Ho̠ṛko bại bạiteko lahaќ kana ar ako̠aќ cintạ bhanare hõ bo̠no̠do̠l ńelo̠ќ kana. Laha leka ḍạn juginre unạќ pạtiạu bạnuќa, o̠r o̠po̠r, hạnḍi pạurạre jao̠ge jo̠beko̠ќ ḍher bạgiakana. Ar huḍiń karo̠nte hõ o̠ṛaќ duạr, khet baṛge se janam diso̠m hõ ńir bạgiaќ mo̠n hõ ḍher komakana. Ho̠ṛko do̠ eṭaќ jạtren metaќme Deko̠ko são hõko seleť daṛeaќ kana; ar so̠rkari, beso̠rkari o̠phisko̠re hõ laha kho̠n do̠ ḍhergeko jo̠gajo̠g daṛeaќ kana.
3. Manwa jiṅgi, manwa ạidạri, rajạri, diso̠m duniạ, dho̠ro̠m ko̠ro̠m ar ar babo̠tko̠re Ho̠ṛko laha kho̠n nebetar ḍherko ao̠dhanakana. Acar beo̠har, ho̠ro̠ќ banden, sapha sạphi, ho̠ṛmo̠ cerha, jo̠m-ńu, o̠ṛaќ duạr ar jae jo̠to̠aќ ko̠rege napaeko bo̠do̠l hijuќ kana. Ho̠ṛko̠aќ apnar jiṅgire ar so̠maj jiṅgire reṅgećre hõ jiṅgi khemao dharare ḍher lahanti ńelo̠ќ kana.
4. Mucạť katha sikhnạt ho̠ṛko aḍepase reaќ hao̠bhao (environment), diso̠m duniạ reaќ urạli (influence) napaeko buj darameť kana ar so̠ќho̠t́ urạli (posetive influence) do̠ kajre lagao̠ ar peṛta/ulṭạ urạli (negetive influence) kho̠n ńir pho̠ṛ baṅ kate o̠na teṅgo̠ daram ar apnar ho̠k liạ lạṛhại bańcao̠ќ ḍherko ceťeť kana.

(Ol tungek’a)